Energy units and conversion factors
General conversion factors for energy
To: |
TJ |
Gcal |
Mtoe |
MBtu |
GWh |
From: |
multiply by: |
||||
Terajoule (TJ) |
1 |
2.388x102 |
2.388x10-5 |
9.478x102 |
2.778x10-1 |
Gigacalorie (Gcal) |
4.187x10-3 |
1 |
1.000x10-7 |
3.968 |
1.163x10-3 |
Million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) |
4.187x104 |
1.000x107 |
1 |
3.968x107 |
1.163x104 |
Million British thermal units (MBtu) |
1.055x10-3 |
2.520x10-1 |
2.520x10-8 |
1 |
2.931x10-4 |
Gigawatt-hour (GWh) |
3.600 |
8.598x102 |
8.598x10-5 |
3.412x103 |
1 |
Conversion factors for mass
To: |
kg |
t |
lt |
st |
lb |
From: |
multiply by: |
||||
Kilogramme (kg) |
1 |
1.000x10-3 |
9.842x10-4 |
1.102x10-3 |
2.205 |
Tonne (t) |
1.000x103 |
1 |
9.842x10-1 |
1.102 |
2.205x103 |
Long ton (lt) |
1.016x103 |
1.016 |
1 |
1.120 |
2.240x103 |
Short ton (st) |
9.072x102 |
9.072x10-1 |
8.929x10-1 |
1 |
2.000x103 |
Pound (lb) |
4.536x10-1 |
4.536x10-4 |
4.464x10-4 |
5.000x10-4 |
1 |
Conversion factors for volume
To: |
gal US |
gal UK |
bbl |
ft3 |
l |
cm |
From: |
multiply by: |
|||||
US gallon (gal US) |
1 |
8.327x10-1 |
2.381x10-2 |
1.337x10-1 |
3.785 |
3.785x10-3 |
UK gallon (gal UK) |
1.201 |
1 |
2.859x10-2 |
1.605x10-1 |
4.546 |
4.546x10-3 |
Barrel (bbl) |
4.200x101 |
3.497x101 |
1 |
5.615 |
1.590x102 |
1.590x10-1 |
Cubic foot (ft3) |
7.481 |
6.229 |
1.781x10-1 |
1 |
2.832x101 |
2.832x10-2 |
Litre (l) |
2.642x10-1 |
2.200x10-1 |
6.290x10-3 |
3.531x10-2 |
1 |
1.000x10-3 |
Cubic metre (cm) |
2.642x102 |
2.200x102 |
6.290 |
3.531x101 |
1.000x103 |
1 |
Conversion factors from mass or volume to heat (Gross calorific value)
|
LNG* |
GAS |
||||||||||
Norway |
Netherlands |
Russia |
Algeria |
Qatar |
||||||||
To: |
MJ |
Btu |
MJ |
Btu |
MJ |
Btu |
MJ |
Btu |
MJ |
Btu |
MJ |
Btu |
From: |
multiply by: |
|||||||||||
cm** |
40.00 |
37 913 |
40.00 |
37 913 |
33.32 |
31 581 |
38.23 |
36 235 |
39.19 |
37 145 |
41.17 |
39 018 |
Kg |
54.25 |
51 417 |
52.22 |
49 495 |
42.07 |
39 875 |
55.25 |
52 363 |
52.46 |
49 726 |
54.98 |
52 107 |
* In gaseous state (average)
** At 15°C and 760 mm Hg
Conversion factors for natural gas
GROSS VERSUS NET CALORIFIC VALUE
1 NCV* = 0.9 GCV** |
* NCV = Net Calorific Value
** GCV = Gross Calorific Value
To: |
Standard cm |
Normal cm |
From: |
multiply by: |
|
Standard cm (Scm)* |
1 |
9.480x10-1 |
Normal cm (Ncm)** |
1.055 |
1 |
* 1 Scm measured at 15°C and 760 mm Hg
** 1 Ncm measured at 0°C and 760 mm Hg
To: |
t of LNG |
cm of LNG |
Standard cm |
From: |
multiply by: |
||
t of LNG |
1 |
2.220 |
1.360x103 |
cm of LNG |
4.500x10-1 |
1 |
6.150x102 |
Standard cm*** |
7.350x10-4 |
1.626x10-3 |
1 |
*** 1 Scm = 40 MJ
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL GAS FLOW RATES*
To |
Bcm per year |
Mt per year |
Bcf/day |
Tcf per year |
PJ per year |
TWh per year |
MBtu per year |
Mtoe per year |
From: |
multiply by: |
|||||||
Bcm per year |
1 |
7.350x10-1 |
9.681x10-2 |
3.534x10-2 |
4.000x101 |
1.111x101 |
3.790x107 |
9.554x10-1 |
Mt per year |
1.360 |
1 |
1.317x10-1 |
4.808x10-2 |
5.440x101 |
1.511x101 |
5.160x107 |
1.299 |
Bcf/day |
1.033x101 |
7.595 |
1 |
3.650x10-1 |
4.132x102 |
1.148x102 |
3.910x108 |
9.869 |
Tcf per year |
2.830x101 |
2.081x101 |
2.740 |
1 |
1.132x103 |
3.145x102 |
1.070x109 |
2.704x101 |
PJ per year |
2.500x10-2 |
1.838x10-2 |
2.420x10-3 |
8.834x10-4 |
1 |
2.778x10-1 |
9.470x105 |
2.388x10-2 |
TWh per year |
9.000x10-2 |
6.615x10-2 |
8.713x10-3 |
3.180x10-3 |
3.600 |
1 |
3.410x106 |
8.598x10-2 |
MBtu per year |
2.638x10-8 |
1.939x10-8 |
2.554x10-9 |
9.320x10-10 |
1.055x10-6 |
2.930x10-7 |
1 |
2.520x10-8 |
Mtoe per year |
1.047 |
7.693x10-1 |
1.013x10-1 |
3.698x10-2 |
4.187x101 |
1.163x101 |
3.970x107 |
1 |
* Based on gas with calorific value of 40 MJ/cm at standard conditions
COUNTRY SPECIFIC CONVERSION FACTORS
Country |
Production |
Imports |
Exports |
Consumption |
Albania |
37 211 |
37 700 |
37 700 |
36 971 |
Algeria |
39 565 |
39 565 |
39 565 |
39 565 |
Angola |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Argentina |
38 941 |
38 941 |
38 941 |
38 941 |
Armenia |
- |
37 832 |
38 362 |
37 834 |
Australia |
39 300 |
39 633 |
40 000 |
38 690 |
Austria |
38 200 |
38 201 |
38 192 |
38 202 |
Azerbaijan |
39 060 |
- |
39 060 |
39 060 |
Bahrain |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Bangladesh |
38 861 |
38 861 |
38 861 |
38 861 |
Belarus |
38 622 |
38 622 |
- |
38 622 |
Belgium |
- |
37 712 |
39 630 |
37 537 |
Bolivia |
38 940 |
38 940 |
38 940 |
38 940 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
37 861 |
37 885 |
37 861 |
37 862 |
Brazil |
39 425 |
39 425 |
39 425 |
39 425 |
Brunei |
38 895 |
38 895 |
38 895 |
38 895 |
Bulgaria |
37 688 |
38 373 |
37 856 |
38 298 |
Cameroon |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Canada |
38 818 |
38 518 |
38 818 |
38 746 |
Chile |
39 116 |
39 112 |
- |
39 210 |
China |
38 931 |
38 865 |
38 931 |
38 931 |
Colombia |
34 598 |
34 598 |
34 598 |
34 598 |
Congo |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
CÔte d'Ivoire |
37 283 |
37 283 |
37 283 |
37 283 |
Croatia |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Cuba |
36 957 |
36 957 |
36 957 |
36 957 |
Czech Republic |
38 051 |
38 193 |
40 129 |
38 230 |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Denmark |
41 547 |
41 547 |
41 547 |
41 547 |
Dominican Republic |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Ecuador |
39 336 |
39 336 |
39 336 |
39 336 |
Egypt |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Estonia |
- |
37 977 |
- |
37 977 |
Finland |
- |
38 060 |
37 523 |
38 060 |
France |
40 181 |
40 954 |
41 273 |
41 053 |
Gabon |
37 700 |
37 700 |
37 700 |
37 700 |
Country |
Production |
Imports |
Exports |
Consumption |
Georgia |
35 011 |
38 711 |
38 902 |
38 822 |
Germany |
33 961 |
38 988 |
38 988 |
38 266 |
Ghana |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Greece |
50 066 |
39 057 |
- |
39 123 |
Hong Kong |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Hungary |
36 138 |
38 491 |
38 540 |
37 886 |
India |
39 000 |
41 400 |
38 520 |
39 740 |
Indonesia |
40 600 |
40 600 |
40 600 |
40 600 |
Iran |
39 356 |
39 356 |
39 356 |
39 356 |
Iraq |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Ireland |
37 720 |
39 614 |
- |
39 532 |
Israel |
38 298** |
38 297** |
- |
38 227** |
Italy |
38 100 |
38 100 |
38 100 |
38 100 |
Japan |
41 254 |
39 394 |
- |
39 674 |
Jordan |
31 223 |
31 223 |
31 223 |
31 223 |
Kazakhstan |
42 539 |
39 020 |
39 023 |
43 609 |
Korea, South |
41 717 |
41 710 |
- |
41 822 |
Kuwait |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Kyrgyzstan |
38 527 |
39 022 |
- |
38 965 |
Latvia |
- |
37 854 |
- |
37 854 |
Lebanon |
38 000 |
38 897 |
38 000 |
38 897 |
Libya |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Lithuania |
- |
37 971 |
37 802 |
37 965 |
Luxembourg |
- |
40 542 |
- |
40 522 |
Macedonia, Republic of |
- |
38 460 |
- |
38 445 |
Malaysia |
39 249 |
39 249 |
39 249 |
39 249 |
Mexico |
39 584 |
38 249 |
36 515 |
38 054 |
Moldova |
33 875 |
33 864 |
- |
33 862 |
Morocco |
38 562 |
39 601 |
39 685 |
39 519 |
Mozambique |
41 270 |
41 270 |
41 270 |
41 270 |
Myanmar |
39 269 |
39 269 |
39 269 |
39 269 |
Netherlands |
33 339 |
33 339 |
33 339 |
33 339 |
Nigeria |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Norway |
39 429 |
39 249 |
39 425 |
39 429 |
New Zealand |
38 122 |
- |
- |
37 994 |
Oman |
37 835 |
41 400 |
41 909 |
38 053 |
Pakistan |
32 295 |
32 295 |
32 295 |
32 295 |
Country |
Production |
Imports |
Exports |
Consumption |
Peru |
44 922 |
44 922 |
44 922 |
44 922 |
Philippines |
38 549 |
38 549 |
38 549 |
38 549 |
Poland |
28 510 |
38 193 |
38 171 |
35 251 |
Portugal |
- |
40 310 |
- |
40 310 |
Qatar |
41 400 |
41 400 |
41 400 |
41 400 |
Romania |
36 908 |
37 052 |
38 000 |
36 909 |
Russia |
38 231 |
38 230 |
38 230 |
38 230 |
Saudi Arabia |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Senegal |
33 494 |
33 494 |
33 494 |
33 494 |
Serbia |
37 042 |
37 042 |
- |
37 042 |
Singapore |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Slovak Republic |
39 258 |
38 485 |
38 453 |
38 497 |
Slovenia |
39 929 |
37 862 |
- |
37 873 |
South Africa |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
Spain |
40 531 |
40 476 |
40 470 |
40 822 |
Sweden |
- |
41 370 |
- |
41 372 |
Switzerland |
- |
38 088 |
- |
38 088 |
Syria |
37 700 |
37 700 |
37 700 |
37 700 |
Taiwan |
37 263 |
41 449 |
37 263 |
41 185 |
Tajikistan |
38 000 |
38 000 |
37 700 |
38 000 |
Tanzania |
38 139 |
38 000 |
38 139 |
38 139 |
Thailand |
36 396 |
36 396 |
36 396 |
36 396 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
38 937 |
38 937 |
38 937 |
38 937 |
Tunisia |
39 611 |
40 009 |
- |
39 972 |
Turkey |
38 305 |
38 304 |
38 305 |
38 301 |
Turkmenistan |
37 889 |
37 889 |
37 889 |
37 889 |
United Arab Emirates |
37 679 |
38 000 |
37 679 |
37 679 |
United Kingdom |
39 839 |
39 287 |
39 613 |
39 646 |
Ukraine |
35 534 |
38 230 |
35 587 |
37 101 |
Uruguay |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
38 000 |
United States |
38 285 |
38 072 |
37 502 |
38 285 |
Uzbekistan |
37 889 |
37 889 |
37 889 |
37 889 |
Venezuela |
40 495 |
40 495 |
40 495 |
40 495 |
Vietnam |
38 612 |
38 612 |
38 612 |
38 612 |
Yemen |
40 346 |
40 770 |
40 346 |
40 346 |
*Average values for 2010 to 2015 **estimated
DECIMAL PREFIXES
101 deca (da) | 109 giga (G) | 10-1 deci (d) | 10-9 nano (n) |
102 hecto (h) | 1012 tera (T) | 10-2 centi (c) | 10-12 pico (p) |
103 kilo (K) | 1015 peta (P) | 10-3 milli (m) | 10-15 femto (f) |
104 mega (M) | 1018 exa (E) | 10-4 micro (μ) | 10-18 atto (a) |
ABBREVIATIONS
Bcm |
billion cubic metres |
Btu |
British thermal unit |
cm |
cubic metre |
GWh |
gigawatt-hour |
kWh |
kilowatt-hour |
kcal |
kilocalorie |
kg |
kilogramme |
m |
metre |
m3 |
cubic metre |
Mcm |
million cubic metres |
Mt |
million metric tonnes |
Mtoe |
million tonnes of oil equivalent |
MW |
megawatt |
Ncm |
normal cubic metre |
Scm |
standard cubic metre |
t |
metric ton = tonne |
Tcm |
trillion cubic metres |
toe |
tonne of oil equivalent |
TWh |
terawatt-hour |
US$ |
United States dollar |
CBM |
coal-bed methane |
CCGT |
combined-cycle gas turbines |
CHP |
combined heat and power |
CNG |
compressed natural gas |
CO2 |
carbon dioxide |
FLNG |
floating liquefied natural gas |
FSRU |
floating storage and regasification unit |
GDP |
gross domestic product |
HDI |
human development index |
LNG |
liquefied natural gas |
NGH |
natural gas hydrates |
NGV |
natural gas vehicle |
NOx |
nitrogen oxides |
PM |
particulate matter |
SOx |
sulphur oxides |
SSLNG |
small-scale liquefied natural gas |
TFC |
total final consumption |
TPES |
total primary energy supply |
UGS |
underground gas storage |
- |
not available or not applicable |
Main source: IEA (International Energy Agency), Natural Gas Information, 2017 edition