Energy units and conversion factors

General conversion factors for energy

To:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

MBtu

GWh

From:

multiply by:

Terajoule (TJ)

1

2.388x102

2.388x10-5

9.478x102

2.778x10-1

Gigacalorie (Gcal)

4.187x10-3

1

1.000x10-7

3.968

1.163x10-3

Million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)

4.187x104

1.000x107

1

3.968x107

1.163x104

Million British thermal units (MBtu)

1.055x10-3

2.520x10-1

2.520x10-8

1

2.931x10-4

Gigawatt-hour (GWh)

3.600

8.598x102

8.598x10-5

3.412x103

1

Conversion factors for mass

To:

kg

t

lt

st

lb

From:

multiply by:

Kilogramme (kg)

1

1.000x10-3

9.842x10-4

1.102x10-3

2.205

Tonne (t)

1.000x103

1

9.842x10-1

1.102

2.205x103

Long ton (lt)

1.016x103

1.016

1

1.120

2.240x103

Short ton (st)

9.072x102

9.072x10-1

8.929x10-1

1

2.000x103

Pound (lb)

4.536x10-1

4.536x10-4

4.464x10-4

5.000x10-4

1

Conversion factors for volume

To:

gal US

gal UK

bbl

ft3

l

cm

From:

multiply by:

US gallon (gal US)

1

8.327x10-1

2.381x10-2

1.337x10-1

3.785

3.785x10-3

UK gallon (gal UK)

1.201

1

2.859x10-2

1.605x10-1

4.546

4.546x10-3

Barrel (bbl)

4.200x101

3.497x101

1

5.615

1.590x102

1.590x10-1

Cubic foot (ft3)

7.481

6.229

1.781x10-1

1

2.832x101

2.832x10-2

Litre (l)

2.642x10-1

2.200x10-1

6.290x10-3

3.531x10-2

1

1.000x10-3

Cubic metre (cm)

2.642x102

2.200x102

6.290

3.531x101

1.000x103

1

Conversion factors from mass or volume to heat (Gross calorific value)

LNG*

GAS

Norway

Netherlands

Russia

Algeria

Qatar

To:

MJ

Btu

MJ

Btu

MJ

Btu

MJ

Btu

MJ

Btu

MJ

Btu

From:

multiply by:

cm**

40.00

37 913

40.00

37 913

33.32

31 581

38.23

36 235

39.19

37 145

41.17

39 018

Kg

54.25

51 417

52.22

49 495

42.07

39 875

55.25

52 363

52.46

49 726

54.98

52 107

* In gaseous state (average)

** At 15°C and 760 mm Hg

Conversion factors for natural gas

GROSS VERSUS NET CALORIFIC VALUE

Scm versus Ncm

LNG versus GAS

1 NCV* = 0.9 GCV**

* NCV = Net Calorific Value

** GCV = Gross Calorific Value

To:

Standard cm

Normal cm

From:

multiply by:

Standard cm (Scm)*

1

9.480x10-1

Normal cm (Ncm)**

1.055

1

* 1 Scm measured at 15°C and 760 mm Hg

** 1 Ncm measured at 0°C and 760 mm Hg

To:

t of LNG

cm of LNG

Standard cm

From:

multiply by:

t of LNG

1

2.220

1.360x103

cm of LNG

4.500x10-1

1

6.150x102

Standard cm***

7.350x10-4

1.626x10-3

1

*** 1 Scm = 40 MJ

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL GAS FLOW RATES*

To

Bcm per year

Mt per year

Bcf/day

Tcf per year

PJ per year

TWh per year

MBtu per year

Mtoe per year

From:

multiply by:

Bcm per year

1

7.350x10-1

9.681x10-2

3.534x10-2

4.000x101

1.111x101

3.790x107

9.554x10-1

Mt per year

1.360

1

1.317x10-1

4.808x10-2

5.440x101

1.511x101

5.160x107

1.299

Bcf/day

1.033x101

7.595

1

3.650x10-1

4.132x102

1.148x102

3.910x108

9.869

Tcf per year

2.830x101

2.081x101

2.740

1

1.132x103

3.145x102

1.070x109

2.704x101

PJ per year

2.500x10-2

1.838x10-2

2.420x10-3

8.834x10-4

1

2.778x10-1

9.470x105

2.388x10-2

TWh per year

9.000x10-2

6.615x10-2

8.713x10-3

3.180x10-3

3.600

1

3.410x106

8.598x10-2

MBtu per year

2.638x10-8

1.939x10-8

2.554x10-9

9.320x10-10

1.055x10-6

2.930x10-7

1

2.520x10-8

Mtoe per year

1.047

7.693x10-1

1.013x10-1

3.698x10-2

4.187x101

1.163x101

3.970x107

1

* Based on gas with calorific value of 40 MJ/cm at standard conditions

COUNTRY SPECIFIC CONVERSION FACTORS

Country

Production

Imports

Exports

Consumption

Albania

37 211

37 700

37 700

36 971

Algeria

39 565

39 565

39 565

39 565

Angola

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Argentina

38 941

38 941

38 941

38 941

Armenia

-

37 832

38 362

37 834

Australia

39 300

39 633

40 000

38 690

Austria

38 200

38 201

38 192

38 202

Azerbaijan

39 060

-

39 060

39 060

Bahrain

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Bangladesh

38 861

38 861

38 861

38 861

Belarus

38 622

38 622

-

38 622

Belgium

-

37 712

39 630

37 537

Bolivia

38 940

38 940

38 940

38 940

Bosnia and Herzegovina

37 861

37 885

37 861

37 862

Brazil

39 425

39 425

39 425

39 425

Brunei

38 895

38 895

38 895

38 895

Bulgaria

37 688

38 373

37 856

38 298

Cameroon

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Canada

38 818

38 518

38 818

38 746

Chile

39 116

39 112

-

39 210

China

38 931

38 865

38 931

38 931

Colombia

34 598

34 598

34 598

34 598

Congo

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

CÔte d'Ivoire

37 283

37 283

37 283

37 283

Croatia

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Cuba

36 957

36 957

36 957

36 957

Czech Republic

38 051

38 193

40 129

38 230

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Denmark

41 547

41 547

41 547

41 547

Dominican Republic

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Ecuador

39 336

39 336

39 336

39 336

Egypt

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Estonia

-

37 977

-

37 977

Finland

-

38 060

37 523

38 060

France

40 181

40 954

41 273

41 053

Gabon

37 700

37 700

37 700

37 700

Country

Production

Imports

Exports

Consumption

Georgia

35 011

38 711

38 902

38 822

Germany

33 961

38 988

38 988

38 266

Ghana

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Greece

50 066

39 057

-

39 123

Hong Kong

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Hungary

36 138

38 491

38 540

37 886

India

39 000

41 400

38 520

39 740

Indonesia

40 600

40 600

40 600

40 600

Iran

39 356

39 356

39 356

39 356

Iraq

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Ireland

37 720

39 614

-

39 532

Israel

38 298**

38 297**

-

38 227**

Italy

38 100

38 100

38 100

38 100

Japan

41 254

39 394

-

39 674

Jordan

31 223

31 223

31 223

31 223

Kazakhstan

42 539

39 020

39 023

43 609

Korea, South

41 717

41 710

-

41 822

Kuwait

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Kyrgyzstan

38 527

39 022

-

38 965

Latvia

-

37 854

-

37 854

Lebanon

38 000

38 897

38 000

38 897

Libya

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Lithuania

-

37 971

37 802

37 965

Luxembourg

-

40 542

-

40 522

Macedonia, Republic of

-

38 460

-

38 445

Malaysia

39 249

39 249

39 249

39 249

Mexico

39 584

38 249

36 515

38 054

Moldova

33 875

33 864

-

33 862

Morocco

38 562

39 601

39 685

39 519

Mozambique

41 270

41 270

41 270

41 270

Myanmar

39 269

39 269

39 269

39 269

Netherlands

33 339

33 339

33 339

33 339

Nigeria

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Norway

39 429

39 249

39 425

39 429

New Zealand

38 122

-

-

37 994

Oman

37 835

41 400

41 909

38 053

Pakistan

32 295

32 295

32 295

32 295

Country

Production

Imports

Exports

Consumption

Peru

44 922

44 922

44 922

44 922

Philippines

38 549

38 549

38 549

38 549

Poland

28 510

38 193

38 171

35 251

Portugal

-

40 310

-

40 310

Qatar

41 400

41 400

41 400

41 400

Romania

36 908

37 052

38 000

36 909

Russia

38 231

38 230

38 230

38 230

Saudi Arabia

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Senegal

33 494

33 494

33 494

33 494

Serbia

37 042

37 042

-

37 042

Singapore

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Slovak Republic

39 258

38 485

38 453

38 497

Slovenia

39 929

37 862

-

37 873

South Africa

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

Spain

40 531

40 476

40 470

40 822

Sweden

-

41 370

-

41 372

Switzerland

-

38 088

-

38 088

Syria

37 700

37 700

37 700

37 700

Taiwan

37 263

41 449

37 263

41 185

Tajikistan

38 000

38 000

37 700

38 000

Tanzania

38 139

38 000

38 139

38 139

Thailand

36 396

36 396

36 396

36 396

Trinidad and Tobago

38 937

38 937

38 937

38 937

Tunisia

39 611

40 009

-

39 972

Turkey

38 305

38 304

38 305

38 301

Turkmenistan

37 889

37 889

37 889

37 889

United Arab Emirates

37 679

38 000

37 679

37 679

United Kingdom

39 839

39 287

39 613

39 646

Ukraine

35 534

38 230

35 587

37 101

Uruguay

38 000

38 000

38 000

38 000

United States

38 285

38 072

37 502

38 285

Uzbekistan

37 889

37 889

37 889

37 889

Venezuela

40 495

40 495

40 495

40 495

Vietnam

38 612

38 612

38 612

38 612

Yemen

40 346

40 770

40 346

40 346

*Average values for 2010 to 2015 **estimated

DECIMAL PREFIXES

101 deca (da) 109 giga (G) 10-1 deci (d) 10-9 nano (n)
102 hecto (h) 1012 tera (T) 10-2 centi (c) 10-12 pico (p)
103 kilo (K) 1015 peta (P) 10-3 milli (m) 10-15 femto (f)
104 mega (M) 1018 exa (E) 10-4 micro (μ) 10-18 atto (a)

ABBREVIATIONS

Bcm

billion cubic metres

Btu

British thermal unit

cm

cubic metre

GWh

gigawatt-hour

kWh

kilowatt-hour

kcal

kilocalorie

kg

kilogramme

m

metre

m3

cubic metre

Mcm

million cubic metres

Mt

million metric tonnes

Mtoe

million tonnes of oil equivalent

MW

megawatt

Ncm

normal cubic metre

Scm

standard cubic metre

t

metric ton = tonne

Tcm

trillion cubic metres

toe

tonne of oil equivalent

TWh

terawatt-hour

US$

United States dollar

CBM

coal-bed methane

CCGT

combined-cycle gas turbines

CHP

combined heat and power

CNG

compressed natural gas

CO2

carbon dioxide

FLNG

floating liquefied natural gas

FSRU

floating storage and regasification unit

GDP

gross domestic product

HDI

human development index

LNG

liquefied natural gas

NGH

natural gas hydrates

NGV

natural gas vehicle

NOx

nitrogen oxides

PM

particulate matter

SOx

sulphur oxides

SSLNG

small-scale liquefied natural gas

TFC

total final consumption

TPES

total primary energy supply

UGS

underground gas storage

-

not available or not applicable

Main source: IEA (International Energy Agency), Natural Gas Information, 2017 edition